Systematic and Stochastic Variations in Pulsar Dispersion Measures

We analyze deterministic and random temporal variations in dispersion measure (DM) from the full three-dimensional velocities of pulsars with respect to the solar system, combined with electron-density variations on a wide range of length scales. Previous treatments have largely ignored the pulsar's changing distance while favoring interpretations involving the change in sky position from transverse motion. Linear trends in pulsar DMs seen over 5-10~year timescales may signify sizable DM gradients in the interstellar medium (ISM) sampled by the changing direction of the line of sight to the pulsar. We show that motions parallel to the line of sight can also account for linear trends, for the apparent excess of DM variance over that extrapolated from scintillation measurements, and for the apparent non-Kolmogorov scalings of DM structure functions inferred in some cases. Pulsar motions through atomic gas may produce bow-shock ionized gas that also contributes to DM variations. We discuss possible causes of periodic or quasi-periodic changes in DM, including seasonal changes in the ionosphere, annual variation of the solar elongation angle, structure in the heliosphere-ISM boundary, and substructure in the ISM. We assess the solar cycle's role on the amplitude of ionospheric and solar-wind variations. Interstellar refraction can produce cyclic timing variations from the error in transforming arrival times to the solar system barycenter. We apply our methods to DM time series and DM gradient measurements in the literature and assess consistency with a Kolmogorov medium. Finally, we discuss the implications of DM modeling in precision pulsar timing experiments.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures, published in Ap

Genetic Analysis of Growth Traits in White Boni Sheep Under the Central Highlands Region of Yemen

The data were collected from 1992 to 2009 of White Boni sheep maintained at the Regional Research Station in the Central Highlands of Yemen. Data were analyzed to study the growth related traits and their genetic control. The least square means for body weights were 2.26±0.67, 11.14±0.46 and 19.21±1.25 kg for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six-month weight (WM6), respectively. The pre-and post-weaning average daily weight gains (ADG1 and ADG2) were 106.04±4.98g and 46.21±8.36 g/ day. Significant differences associated with the year of lambing were observed in body weight and weight gain at different stages of growth. Males were heavier and had a higher weight gain than females at almost all stages of growth and differences tended to increase with age. Single-born lambs had a distinct advantage over those born in twin birth at all stages of growth. The lambs in the dam’s second to fourth parities were generally of heavier weight and higher daily weight gain than those in other parities. The heritabilities of all body weights, weight gains at different stages of growth were moderate (0.11-0.43). The phenotypic and genetic correlation among the different body weights were positive and high. The genetic correlations of the pre- and post-weaning average daily gains with body weights were hight to moderate, except BW with ADG2

RELATIONSHIP OF UPPER AND LOWER BODY MUSCULAR STRENGTH WITH CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between upper and lower body muscular strength as well as cardio-respiratory endurance among school going children 11 to 15 years of age. A sample of 1750 boys was drawn from the targeted population. Children were tested on handgrip (HG) to measure the strength of upper body muscles, on Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) to measure the strength of lower body muscles, used Beep Test (BT) for cardio-respiratory endurance and height and weight to determine Body Mass Index (BMI). Multiple regression analysis depicted association of lower body muscular strength (SBJ) with upper body muscular strength (HG) and cardio-respiratory endurance (BT) (R 2= 0.011 and 0.10 respectively). The analysis reflected the significant relationship, though weak, between lower body strength (SBJ) and upper body strength (HG) and cardiorespiratory endurance (BT). Hence lower body muscular strength can be considered useful indicator for muscular strength and cardio-respiratory endurance among school going children

PHYSICAL FITNESS PARAMETERS OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN OF KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN

The aim of the study was to measure and evaluate the physical fitness of school going children aged 11 to 15 years through cross-sectional survey in Khyber Pukhtukhwa. Seven universally accepted field-based tests having known reliability were used to assessthe anthropometric status, balance, body muscle strength, flexibility, speed and agility, cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance. Boys showed gradual increase in their performance from 11 to 14 years while it tends to decrease at the age of 15 years. The correlation coefficient among tests is significant however relationship is weak reflecting fitness as multidimensional concept.Multiple Regression analysis predicts that all tests are independently related to the performance. The analysis reveals that about 40% of school going children falls in the categories of “Very Poor†and “Poor†level of abilities. The evaluated physical fitness parameters of children if used as bench marks instead of compulsive division into norms would be more reliable developmental characteristics for comparison with their counterparts elsewhere and determining national norms and policies related to youth as way forward

A rare breed: Wild-type braf and ighv expression in a 29 year old lady with classical hairy cell leukemia

The V600 BRAF mutation has been described as a key mutation in the pathogenesis of classical hairy cell leukemia (c-HCL) cases without expression of a mutant immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHV). Here we present a rare case of c-HCL with neither V600 BRAF mutation nor the aforementioned IgHV variant successfully treated with cladribine and review the current literature on its use in women of childbearing age/pregnancy

The Social and Spiritual Factors Affecting Chronic Renal Dialysis Patients in Gaza Strip

Background: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a progressive worsening of kidney function over a period of months or years. It is a complex debilitating disease that needs a lifelong treatment. Because patients with ESRD cannot be cured of their underlying conditions and mostly underwent hemodialysis program, it usually leads to many physical and medical consequences and complications, and beside them, there are lots of concealed social and spiritual factors that can affect people who have this disease or are on renal dialysis. Some studies about medical and clinical consequences of ESRD and renal dialysis were conducted but this study will be the first one to determine the factors affecting the social and spiritual wellbeing of patients who are on renal dialysis in Gaza Strip. Objectives: It is important to give a detailed picture about the social and spiritual wellbeing of patients who are on renal dialysis to

PHYSICAL FITNESS PARAMETERS OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN OF KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN

The aim of the study was to measure and evaluate the physical fitness of school going children aged 11 to 15 years through cross-sectional survey in Khyber Pukhtukhwa. Seven universally accepted field-based tests having known reliability were used to assessthe anthropometric status, balance, body muscle strength, flexibility, speed and agility, cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance. Boys showed gradual increase in their performance from 11 to 14 years while it tends to decrease at the age of 15 years. The correlation coefficient among tests is significant however relationship is weak reflecting fitness as multidimensional concept.Multiple Regression analysis predicts that all tests are independently related to the performance. The analysis reveals that about 40% of school going children falls in the categories of “Very Poor” and “Poor” level of abilities. The evaluated physical fitness parameters of children if used as bench marks instead of compulsive division into norms would be more reliable developmental characteristics for comparison with their counterparts elsewhere and determining national norms and policies related to youth as way forward

Wireless resource virtualization: opportunities, challenges, and solutions

Wireless resource virtualization (WRV) is currently emerging as a key technology to overcome the major challenges facing the mobile network operators (MNOs) such as reducing the capital, minimizing the operating expenses, improving the quality of service, and satisfying the growing demand for mobile services. Achieving such conflicting objectives simultaneously requires a highly efficient utilization of the available resources including the network infrastructure and the reserved spectrum. In this paper, the most dominant WRV frameworks are discussed where different levels of network infrastructure and spectrum resources are shared between multiple MNOs. Moreover, we summarize the major benefits and most pressing business challenges of deploying WRV. We further highlight the technical challenges and requirements for ion and sharing of spectrum resources in next generation networks. In addition, we provide guidelines for implementing comprehensive solutions that are able to and share the spectrum resources in next generation network. The paper also presents an efficient algorithm for base station virtualization in long‐term evolution (LTE) networks to share the wireless resources between MNOs who apply different scheduling polices. The proposed algorithm maintains a high‐level of isolation and offers throughput performance gain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Wireless resource virtualization (WRV) is emerging as a key technology to reduce cost and increase the total network capacity by sharing wireless resources between multiple mobile operators. In this paper, we present the concepts, highlight the benefits, and discuss the technical challenges and requirements for ion and sharing of WRV in next generation networks. Furthermore, an efficient WRV approach for long‐term evolution base stations is proposed and evaluated